Annotated+Bibliography

=Importance of Career Education in Elementary School=

Palladino Schultheiss, D. E. (2008). Current Status and Future Agenda for the Theory, Research, and Practice of Childhood Career Development.Career Development Quarterly, 57(1), 7-24.
 * The article offers an understanding of childhood career development theories and literature. It makes suggestions that these theories should be rooted in the experiences of children. The article looks at what we know about the development of children in order to incorporate appropriate career education in schools.



Schultheiss, D. (2005). Elementary Career Intervention Programs: Social Action Initiatives. //Journal Of Career Development//, //31//(3), 185-194. doi:10.1007/s10871-004-2226-1
 * This article advocates for the use of elementary career development initiatives as a venue for promoting academic achievement (because it cites that children who drop out at age 16 disengaged from school as early as 3rd grade). This article uses various theoretical approaches to highlight the importance of career education in elementary school (life-span models, self efficacy, etc.)

Miller, M. J. (1989). Career counseling for the elementary school child: Grades K–5. // Journal Of Employment Counseling //, // 26 //(4), 169-177.
 * This is an article that looks into how to children process career information. It also examines sex-role stereotypes and the roles autonomy, control and self-esteem. There is information about how career information should first be introduced to children taking into account where the children are developmentally.

[|Career Development] Auger, R. W., Blackhurst, A. E., & Wahl, K. (2005). The Development of Elementary-Aged Children's Career Aspirations and Expectations. Professional School Counseling, 8(4), 322-329. > http://navigator-millersville.passhe.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16892532&site=ehost-live&scope=site Evans Jr., J. H., & Burck, H. D. (1992). The Effects of Career Education Interventions on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. //Journal Of Counseling & Development//, //71//(1), 63-68.
 * ======This study supports the fact that by fifth grade children are already making future career decisions. Because of this, counselors should be incorporating a career curriculum in the elementary setting rather than waiting until middle and high school ======
 * This article analyzed 67 studies on the effectiveness of career programs k-12. Through coding and statistical review it found that elementary school career education was more effective than middle or high school career education. The authors explained this because of the self-contained classrooms of elementary schools and the attitude of children towards school in elementary school. The article also reported results on the number of hours the program runs over a 9 month period.
 * [[file:Evans-effectsofcareereducation.pdf]]

Schultheiss, D., Palma, T. V., & Manzi, A. J. (2005). Career Development in Middle Childhood: A Qualitative Inquiry. The Career Development Quarterly, 53(3), 246-262.
 * This article explores the career development of 4th and 5th graders by studying the self-awareness and exploration and their career planning. This article shows what this age group knows about the workforce, which could be helpful in deciding what to include for this age group.
 * [|Middle Childhood Career Development]

Gysbers, N. C. (2013). Career-Ready Students: A Goal of Comprehensive School Counseling Programs. //Career Development Quarterly//, //61//(3), 283-288. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2013.00057.x This article explains how the career readiness process starts in elementary school. By teaching students at the elementary level the skills to become career ready they are then able to build on those skills as they enter middle and high school.


 * [[file:90154603.pdf]]

Magnuson, C. S., & Starr, M. F. (2000). How early is too early to begin life career planning? The importance of the elementary school years. Journal Of Career Development, 27(2), 89-101. doi:10.1023/A:1007844500034
 * This article touches on the importance of career awareness in elementary school."Career awareness enables students to understand information about others and themselves." Elementary school-aged children become interested in what adults do. In the early elementary school years, developing awareness is the **primary emphasis**. Teaching career exploration at this level is designed to create the awareness.
 * [[file:How early is too early.pdf]]

Wood, C., & Kaszubowski, Y. (2008). The Career Development Needs of Rural Elementary School Students. Elementary School Journal, 108(5), 431-444.
 * ttp://navigator-millersville.passhe.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=31829010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
 * This article takes looks at rural schools in the Midwest and explains how due to the children’s lack of exposure to different careers they are uninformed of possible career opportunities. Because of their findings, they are suggesting how important it is to incorporate career development in elementary education.

**Preparation for School Counselors**

Emmett, J. D. (1997). The preparation of elementary school counselors for career development: What exists—–what is needed. Journal Of Career Development, 23(3), 177-187. doi:10.1007/BF02359188


 * This is a qualitative article which identifies what training school counselors have and what is needed for them to be better prepared for career development with elementary school students. The study asked teachers to discuss what modifications they had made to their career development program and which of these were the most successful. This article may also offer useful information for career day.


 * [|Preparing School Counselors]

Freeman, B. (1994). Importance of the National Career Development Guidelines to school counselors. The Career Development Quarterly, 42(3), 224-228.
 * This article examines the importance of career development guidelines to school counselors. The article discusses which competencies school counselors believe are the least important, but the article overall shows strong support for national guidelines.

=
[|Importance of Guidelines]=====

Splete, H. (1982) [only use as a reference since its old :) ] Planning for a comprehensive Career Guidance Program in Elementary Schools.

Anctil, T. M., Smith, C., Schenck, P., & Dahir, C. (2012). Professional School Counselors' Career Development Practices and Continuing Education Needs. Career Development Quarterly, 60(2), 109-121

Maybe a section on the paper about the importance of Career Day in Elementary School?

Murrow-Taylor, C., Foltz, B., Ellis, M. R., & Culbertson, K. (1999). A multicultural career fair for elementary school students. //Professional School Counseling//, //2//(3), 241-243.


 * This is a short article which quickly goes through the importance of exposing young children to good career role models and a summary of the way they implemented a career day.
 * [[file:CareerDayMulticultral.txt]]

Beale, A. V., & Williams, J. (2000). The anatomy of an elementary school career day. //Journal Of Career Development//, //26//(3), 205-213. doi:10.1023/A:1022943232402
 * This article goes into detail about the background of Career Day's, the planning and implementation of Career D
 * [[file:Beale-CareerDayGuide.pdf]]

Beale, A. V., & Nugent, D. G. (1996). The pizza connection: Enhancing career awareness. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 30(4), 294-303. >
 * This article gives us an interesting example of how school counselors bring children to a career. School counselors are challenged to please the career awareness needs of children in **creative ways.** Elementary school children need a variety of concrete career-learning experiences. In this article, children are taken on a tour of a pizza restaurant. This allowed children to witness what work is required. This teaches **hands on career awareness**.

Beale, A. V. (2000). Elementary school career awareness: A visit to a hospital. Journal Of Career Development, 27(1), 65-72. doi:10.1023/A:1007700710471
 * This article, much like the one above, gives another creative example of teaching career awareness. Beale also discusses guidence activities conducted before trip to enhance motivation in careers.In his conclusion, Beale states the importance of helping elementary students **understand** the world of work**.**

Bachay, J. B., & Rigby, E. T. (1997). Welcome to our school community: A career development intervention for the newcomer. //Professional School Counseling//, //1//(2), 13-14.
 * This article was about a specific program used with students who spoke English as their second language. It was a program that incorporated the efforts of both the school counselor and school staff. The program had four different sessions and there was a pre and posttest that showed an increase in career understanding for these students.

Gillies, R. M., McMahon, M. L., & Carroll, J. (1998). Evaluating a career education intervention in the upper elementary school. //Journal Of Career Development//, //24//(4), 267-287. doi:10.1023/A:1025006114849
 * This article investigated a career education program that was implemented in an Australian elementary school. It looked at what the program consisted of and how effective it was with the students. The participants of this study were third graders and the ages ranged from 7 to 9 years old.
 * [[file:Career Education.pdf]]

**Importance of Early Education**

 * This article gives information about how important early education is for success with careers later in life. It talks about the importance of closing the learning gap early, in order to provide everyone with a fair and equal opportunity. This may be a good article for giving a good background information about educations importance with career development.